Adjusting Sights

Adjusting Sights by Haim Sabato is a war story in the vein of For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway), The Things They Carried (O'Brien), and Sunrise over Fallujah (Myers).  It is a book about war and returning from war, about mourning lost friends and lost sense of self, about the power of religion and tradition.

At times the book reads like a war memoir, at others like a yeshiva discussion.  Narrated by Haim as a remembrance of his time serving in the Yom Kippur war of 1973, the book weaves stories of the war (both his and his comrades'), his time on leave, and his childhood along with Jewish stories and prayers.  The timeline jumps from present to past and back again, reminiscent of The Things They Carried.  Another similarity between the two books is the discussion of what "truth" really means during a war.  At times it is difficult to differentiate between what actually happened to the narrator, what are stories he heard from someone else, and what are the traditional Jewish stories he's telling himself.

Adjusting Sights reads like Sunrise Over Fallujah - it is a quick read with short compelling chapters.  Teachers will appreciate discussing the moon symbolism and the wordplay of "adjusting sights" (as one reviewer said, Haim has to "adjust not only the sights of his tank, but his understanding of the world he lives in.") Students will enjoy the war stories and Haim's search for news of his childhood friend Dov, and will appreciate the glossary of Hebrew terms included at the end of the novel.

Israeli Short Stories by Etgar Keret

The Girl on the Fridge is a collection of 46 ultra-short stories by the young Israeli author Etgar Keret.  Keret has been hailed as one of the best modern Israeli authors, and it's true that his hard-edge stories will appeal to a great number of American readers.  Unfortunately many of the stories include language and subject matter that is not suitable for the classroom.  Of the many pieces in The Girl on the Fridge, the most classroom-friendly are "Journey" and "The Summer of '76."

In "Journey," an ex-Israeli soldier tries to find the one place in the world where no one else has been.  Students could discuss the themes of finding oneself, traveling, and the rapidly shrinking world.

In "The Summer of '76," a man looks back on that summer of his life, when important things were happening around the world but nothing touched him personally.  One of the major themes in this piece is the desire to be American, or to have American things.  Students could also discuss what exactly was happening in the world during the summer of '76.

Keret's stories all have a bit of the bizarre in them.  The collection The Nimrod Flipout is no exception.  Again the stories walk the border of appropriateness, often staying on the vulgar side.  But students may enjoy reading "Pride and Joy," about a boy who continues to grow as his parents shrink away to nothing, and "Horsie," in which a man comes to terms with his girlfriend's pregnancy, even when she gives birth to a horse.

Resources for Teachers

Teachers who feel they need an in-depth understanding of the conflict between Israel and Palestine, and America's role in it, can read Power, Faith, and Fantasy and Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East, by Michael Oren.  While both books are long (over 600 and 300 pages respectively), they paint a detailed picture of the history of this section of the Middle East.  Some critics say that Oren presents an unbalanced story, while others make concessions since the Arab archives have yet to be opened to the public.

(I will update this page as I come across more resources.)

Shirley Kaufman's Poetry

Although Shirley Kaufman was born in Seattle (to Polish-Jews), she has lived in Jerusalem since the early 70s.  Kaufmans's poetry collections, Ezekiel's Wheels  and Threshold, contain poems that could be used in during any poetry unit, but it would be more powerful to thread some of these poems throughout units on war, terrorism, or the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.

Particularly relevant poems include "Cyclamen," which juxtaposes the cyclamen flowers with war planes and gas masks; "Anapolis," about the peace summits between Israel and Palestine (both found in Ezekiel's Wheels); "No Rain Yet," in which a bush full of twittering birds becomes a metaphor for an emergency cabinet meeting of politicians; "Rachel's Children are Playing," a commentary on the "innocent" war games of children; and "Jump," about living straddled across the two cultures of America and Israel (from Threshold).

The Smile of the Lamb

David Grossman's Smile of the Lamb is a difficult book to get into, but once you internalize its rhythms, it becomes difficult to put it down.  Because of its difficulty level and subject matter, Smile of the Lamb would only be appropriate for upper-level honors courses or post-secondary classes.  Each chapter is a stream-of-consciousness glimpse into the mind of one of four main characters: Uri, his wife Sosh, his friend Katzman, and the outcast storyteller Khilmi.  The first three are nonpracticing Israeli Jews, but Khilmi is an Arab storyteller.  Uri and Katzman are soldiers helping with the Israeli occupation of Khilmi's Palestine.

As the story unfolds, it becomes obvious that the connection between the four runs deeper than the conflict that brings them all together.  This is a book about the fluidity of reality, a treatise on the foggy boundary between fact, fiction, and lies.  As Arabic phrase kan-ya-ma-kan, meaning "once upon a time," is repeated time and time again, the reader learns that there is not one reliable narrator among them.

It would take a lot of work to teach this book, but it would be worth it.  The cloudiness of truth in The Smile of the Lamb reminds me of O'Brien's The Things They Carried and I think it would be interesting to compare these two books as each is also about a war.

Other themes include infidelity (Katzman and Shosh have an affair), the meaning of love, and the Israeli/Palestinian conflict (Grossman's characters on both sides of the conflict find the Israeli occupation of Palestine to be an injustice).  Students would need to have an understanding of the history of the conflict in order to fully understand the references to the wars.  They would also need to have a basic Arabic translation guide (I found Google Translator to work well for the circumstances), as the Arabic phrases are sometimes left untranslated.  If I were to teach this book, I would heavily scaffold the first four to eight chapters, as the narrators rotate and very few clues are given as to which character is speaking.  I would also have students keep a running list of the "truths" of the novel, the subplots and storylines, so that they could see how they weave together and blur into and out of reality.

The Smile of the Lamb does not have the most satisfactory ending, but that is part of its charm.  This is a book that I will continue to think about over the next days or weeks, and I'm sure that students who are properly prepared and scaffolded will also have this reaction.

Seven Blessings by Ruchama King

Seven Blessings is the story of matchmakers and their clients in modern-day Jerusalem.  It is alternately a "fluffy" book - one critic calls King a "Jewish Jane Austen" - and a deep book filled with religious discussions.  Students would need a background in Israeli history, Judaism and Jewish culture, as well as a Hebrew vocabulary lesson to fully understand the text.  While the Israeli/Palestinian conflict is only mentioned in passing, the sections where King brings it into the story merit discussion.  For example, one of the characters says that their "neighbors want to exterminate" them, or when characters are stopped at checkpoints and searched for bombs.  Seven Blessings lends itself to a comparison with Pride and Prejudice - students and teachers could discuss the cultural similarities and differences in the two settings, as well as with dating and marriage in our own culture.  At the same time, the heavy reliance on religion throughout the book may be too much for some school environments.

A Woman in Jerusalem & The Book of Intimate Grammar

A Woman in Jerusalem would be a great book to use in the high school classroom.  It is the tale of one man's attempt to find the identity of a woman killed in a terroist bombing in Jerusalem and then his quest to return her body to her homeland.  While the main characters are Jewish, the Israeli/Palestinian conflict is not given much weight.  When mentioned, it is referred to as "someone else's war."  Great topics for class discussion include the lack of character names (the only character named in the book is the dead woman), the sensationalism of the press, the varying concepts of what it means to be human(e) and inhuman(e), and the drive of moral duty.  While the book is told mainly from the resource manager's perspective, this is interrupted by short segements in which the plot is unfolded using onlookers (cleaning ladies, villagers, and soldiers, for example).  A Woman in Jerusalem is accessible and needs very little background information, although students would benefit from an understanding of the conflict in Israel and some background on the Cold War.


The Book of Intimate Grammar by David Grossman is not school-appropriate due to sexual references including bestiality.